There is a substantial ongoing research activity associated with SonoWand® at several renowned clinics and SONOWAND customers. The main fields of research include:
- The ability to detect and localize tumor remnants during resection
- Ultrasound guidance as a means to improve radicality of tumor resection
- Broadening the range of applications for 3D ultrasound and navigation
- Long-term follow up of glioma patients who have been treated using SonoWand®
- The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound versus intraoperative MRI
- The value of ultrasound angiography in cerebrovascular surgery
- 3D ultrasound and the application of navigated interventional instruments
Below is a list of important scientific documentation concerning the application of ultrasound in neurosurgery:
Scientific papers 2003-2010
"Intrasellar Ultrasound in Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Novel Technique". O. Solheim, T. Selbekk, L. Løvstakken, G. A. Tangen, O. V. Solberg, T. F. Johansen, J. Cappelen, G. Unsgård. Neurosurgery 66: 173-186, 2010
"Blood flow imaging: An angle-independent ultrasound modality for intraoperative assessment of flow dynamics in neurovascular surgery". F. Lindseth, L- Lovstakken, O.M. Rygh, G.a. Tangen, H. Torp, G. Unsgaard. Neurosurgery 65 (ONS Suppl 1): ons149-ons157, 2009
"Real-time Neuronavigation with High-Quality 3D Ultrasound SonoWand in Pediatric Neurosurgery". J. Roth, N. Biyani, L. Beni-Adani, S. Contantini. Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2007; 43:185-191.
"Neuronavigation for arteriovenous malformation surgery by intraoperative three-dimensional ultrasound angiography". T. Mathiesen, I. Peredo, G. Edner, L. Kihlstrøm, M. Svensson, E. Ulfarsson, T. Andersson. Operative Neurosurgery 2, Vol 60, 345-351, April 2007.
"Functional neuronavigation combined with intra-operative 3D ultrasound: Initial experiences during surgical resections close to eloquent brain areas and future directions in automatic brain shift compensation of preoperative data". I. A. Rasmussen, F. Lindseth, O. M. Rygh, E. M. Berntsen, T. Selbekk, J. Xu, T.A.N. Hernes, E. Harg, A. Håberg, G. Unsgaard. Acta Neurochirurgia (Wien), 149:365-378, 2007.
"Intraoperative navigated 3-dimensional ultrasound angiography in tumor surgery". O. M. Rygh, T.A.N. Hernes, F. Lindseth, T. Selbekk, T. B. Müller, G. Unsgaard. O. Nygaard. Surgical Neurology, Vol. 66, issue 6, Dec. 2006, pp 581-592.
"Three-dimensional ultrasonography navigation in spinal cord tumor surgery". F. Kolstad, O. M. Rygh, T. Selbekk, G. Unsgaard, O. Nygaard. J. Neurosurg Spine 5:264-270, 2006.
"Endoscopy Guided by an Intraoperative 3D Ultrasound-Based Neuronavigation System". O. M. Rygh, J. Cappelen, T. Selbekk, F. Lindseth, T. A. N. Hernes, G. Unsgaard. Minim Invas Neurosurg 2006; 49:1-9.
"Intra-operative 3D ultrasound in neurosurgery". Review Article. G. Unsgaard, O. M. Rygh, T. Selbekk, T. B. Müller, F. Kolstad, F. Lindseth and T. A. Nagelhus Hernes. Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien), 148: 235-253, 2006.
"Ability of navigated 3D ultrasound to delineate gliomas and metastases - comparison of image interpretation with histopathology". G. Unsgaard, T. Selbekk, T. Brostrup Müller, S. Ommedal, S. H. Torp, G. Myhr, J. Bang and T. A. Nagelhus Hernes. Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien), 147: 1259-1269, 2005.
"Operation of Arteriovenous Malformations Assisted by Stereoscopic Navigation–Controlled Display of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Intraoperative Ultrasound Angiography". Unsgaard G, Ommedal S, Rygh O, Lindseth F. Operative Neurosurgery 2, Vol 56, 281-290, April 2005.
"Sequential Visualization of Brain and Fiber Tract Deformation During Intracranial Surgery with Three-Dimensional Ultrasound: An Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Brain Shift". V.A. Coenen, T. Krings, J. Weidemann, F.J. Hans, P. Reinacher, J.M. Gilsbach, V. Rohde. Operative Neurosurgery 1, Vol 56, 133-141, January 2005.
"3D Ultrasound Navigation in Syrinx Surgery - a Feasibitlity Study". M.M. Bonsanto, R. Metzner, A. Aschoff, V. Tronnier, S. Kunze, R.C. Wirtz. Technical note, Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien), 147: 533-541, 2005.
"Diffusion Weighted Imaging Combined with Intraoperative 3D-Ultrasound and fMRI for the Resection of an Optic Radiation Cavernoma". V.A. Coenen, T. Krings, J. Weidemann, P. Spangenberg, J.M. Gilsbach and V. Rohde. Zentralbl Neurochir, 64: 133-137, 2003.
"Perspectives and Limitations of Image-Guided Neurosurgery in Pediatric Patients". Vassilios I. Vougioukas, Ulrich Hubbe, Albrecht Hochmuth, Nils C. Gellrich and Vera van Velthoven. Childs Nerv Syst, 19: 783-791, 2003.
"Multimodal Image Fusion in Ultrasound-Based Neuronavigation: Improving Overview and Interpretation by Integrating Preoperative MRI with Intraoperative 3D Ultrasound". Lindseth F, Kaspersen J H, Ommedal S, Langø T, Unsgaard G, Hernes T A N. Comp Aided Surg, 8: 2: 49-69, 2003.
“Stereoscopic Navigation-controlled Display of Preoperative MRI and Intraoperative 3D Ultrasound in Planning and Guidance of Neurosurgery: New Technology for Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Surgery Approaches”. T. A. N. Hernes, S. Ommedal, T. Lie, F. Lindseth, T. Langø, and G. Unsgaard. Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, 46: 129-137, 2003.
Scientific papers 1996-2002
“Neuronavigation by Intraoperative 3D Ultrasound, Initial Experiences During Brain Tumor Resections”. Unsgård G., Ommedal S., Muller T., Gronningsaeter A., Hernes T.A.N. Neurosurgery, 50: 4(April): 804-812, 2002.
“Brain Operations Guided by Real-Time 2D Ultrasound: New Possibilities due to Improved Image Quality”. Unsgaard G., Gronningsaeter A., Ommedal S., Hernes T. A. N. Neurosurgery, 51: 2(Aug.): 402-412, 2002.
“Accuracy Evaluation of a 3D Ultrasound-Based Neuronavigation System”. Lindseth F, Langø T, Bang J, Hernes T A N. Comp Aided Surg, 7: 197-222, 2002.
“Initial Experience with an Ultrasound-Integrated Single-Rack Neuronavigation System”. M.M. Bonsanto, A. Staubert, C.R. Wirtz, V. Tronnier, S. Kunze. Acta Neurochir (Wien), 143: 1127-1132, 2001.
“Comparison of Intraoperative MR Imaging and 3D-Navigated Ultrasonography in the Detection and Resection Control of Lesions”. V. M. Tronnier, M.M. Bonsanto, A. Staubert, M. Knauth, S. Kunze, C.R. Wirtz. Neurosurg. Focus 10 (2): Article 3, 2001.
“SonoWand, An Ultrasound-Based Neuronavigation System”. Gronningsaeter A, Kleven A, Ommedal S, Aarseth TE, Lie T, Lindseth F, Langø T, Unsgård G. Neurosurgery, 47:6: 1373-1380, 2000.
“Initial Experience with Stereoscopic Visualization of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Data in Surgery”. Gronningsaeter A, Lie T, Kleven A, Mørland T, Langø T, Unsgård G, Myhre HO, Mårvik R. Surgical Endoscopy, 14: 11:1074-1078, 2000.
“Ultrasound-Guided Neurosurgery: A Feasibility Study in the 3-30 MHz Frequency Range”. A. Gronningsaeter, G. Unsgård, S. Ommedal. British Journal of Neurosurgery, 10: 161-168, 1996.
